Footnotes (2023 postings)

Robert Giguere (December 29, 2023)

¹ Our French-Canadian Ancestors, Vol. II, Thomas J. Laforest, 1984 (pp. 119–125)

² Digital image at perche-quebec.com (https://www./perche/individus/giguere-robert.htm#2 : accessed 27 November 2023).

³ Family PRDH for Robert Giguere and Marie Aimee Miville, #86411, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

Charles Peltier and Mathilda Domitille Garceau – 2nd Update (December 15, 2023)

¹ St. John the Evangelist Church (Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota) digital church records held at Little Canada Historical Society, Charles Pelletier and Mathilda Garceau wedding, November 23, 1852.

Vina (Mary Rose) Peltier (1890-1967) (December 1, 2023)

¹ “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983, Delayed birth records, ca. 1942-1981 (Ramsey County, White Bear, Minnesota),” p. 117 [stamped], Mary Rose Peltier, 7 November 1890.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95QB-9XD5?i=145&wc=3XSV-PTG%3A212884601%2C212918701&cc=1920099 : accessed 10 November 2023), images 146-147 of 497; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

² Little Canada Historical Society, Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota, St. John’s Church digital records, #24, Maria Rosa Pelletier baptism, November 16, 1890.

³ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Record of Birth (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), page 52 [stamped], #157, Howard Wesley Bloom, 18 January 1891.

⁴ 1905 Minnesota State Census, population schedule, Ramsey County, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p173 [interpolated from handwritten numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], line 10, Vina Peltier.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:9Q97-YSYC-17R?i=20&wc=M8SG-X68%3A67006201%2C67662101&cc=1503056 : accessed 10 November 2023), image 21 of 42; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁵ “Minnesota, County Birth Records Index, 1863-1983,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Eveline Peltier, 12 February 1901.

⁶ “Minnesota, County Death Records Index, 1850-2001,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Eveline Pertier [Peltier], 24 February 1901.

⁷ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0163; p 3B [handwritten & stamped], family 67, line 78, Vina M. Peltier in the household of Elizabeth E. Edgar.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9RVM-7X3?i=5&cc=1727033 : accessed 10 November 2023), page 6 of 31, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720. FHL roll #1374733.

⁸ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0163; p 10A [handwritten & stamped], family 207, line 35, Howard W. Bloom.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01071?pId=146032895 : accessed 10 November 2023), page 19 of 31, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720. FHL roll #1374733.

⁹ Peter R. Reis, “White Bear’s Hometown Heroes, The Story of the White Bear Lake Volunteer Fire Department: 1888-2002,” 2003, Sentinel Printing Company, Minnesota; Appendix F, p 1.

¹⁰ “Minnesota, Ramsey County Marriage Records, 1910-1911,” #502, Howard W. Bloom, Vina R. Peltier, license dated 23 February 1911.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9BG-CP89?view=index&personArk=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQ2Z5-9BTQ&action=view : accessed 10 November 2023), image 1241 of 2332.

¹¹ “Minnesota, County Birth Records Index, 1863-1983,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Births for 1911, (White Bear Village, Ramsey County, Minnesota), p 15, line 18, Gladys Mary Bloom, 29 May 1911.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5MB-H86?i=8&cc=1920099 : accessed 10 November 2023), image 9 of 53.

¹² “Minnesota, County Birth Records Index, 1863-1983,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Births for 1913, (White Bear Village, Ramsey County, Minnesota), p 36, #44, Delores Marie Bloom, 13 February 1913.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95MB-HZ2?i=218&cc=1920099 : accessed 10 November 2023), image 22 of 53.

¹³ “Minnesota, County Birth Records Index, 1863-1983,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Births for 1915, (White Bear Village, Ramsey County, Minnesota), p 16, #155, Howard Peltier Bloom, 16 October 1915.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5J7-9445?i=11&wc=3XS2-MNB%3A212884601%2C213162101&cc=1920099 : accessed 10 November 2023), image 12 of 376.

¹⁴ U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, No. 107, Howard Bloom.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9188-GW7?i=206&cc=1968530&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AK875-K4V : accessed 10 November 2023), image 207 of 2481.

¹⁵ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1930, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear City, Enumeration District (ED) 0178; p 10B [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 207, family 210, lines 59-63, Howard Bloom.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4610068_00285?pId=78588107 : accessed 10 November 2023), page 20 of 53, citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1114, FHL microfilm: 2340849.

¹⁶ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1940, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Lake, Enumeration District (ED) 62-12; p 18A [stamped and handwritten], visitation #317, house 723, line 10, Howard Bloom.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2442/images/m-t0627-01950-01042?pId=99117838 : accessed 10 November 2023), page 35 of 38, citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 1950.

¹⁷ U.S. WWII Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947, Serial No. 1768, Howard Peltier Bloom Jr..; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2238/images/44018_04_00004-00617?pId=16346182 : accessed 10 November 2023), images 618 of 5365.

¹⁸ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1950, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Lake, Enumeration District (ED) 62-34; sheet #30, house #723, lines 4-9, Howard Bloom.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62308/images/43290879-Minnesota-166897-0030?pId=93032365 : accessed 10 November 2023), page 30 of 50, citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 1950.

¹⁹ “Howard Bloom Testimonial Dinner Program,” 25 May 1966, pp 1 and 3, privately held by Cynthia Vadnais, [address for private use,] Stillwater, Minnesota. 2023.

²⁰ Peter R. Reis, “White Bear’s Hometown Heroes, The Story of the White Bear Lake Volunteer Fire Department: 1888-2002,” 2003, Sentinel Printing Company, Minnesota; Appendix F, p 1.

²¹ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #13352, Vina M. Bloom, 3 April 1967.

²² Unknown author, “Mrs. Howard Bloom, Sr.,” White Bear Press, Vol LXXX, #6, (Thursday, April 6, 1967): p 11, col 1.

²³ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #11033, Howard Wesley Bloom, 12 March 1973.

²⁴ “Howard Bloom Funeral Program,” 16 March 1973, privately held by Cynthia Vadnais, [address for private use,] Stillwater, Minnesota. 2023.

²⁵ Unknown author, “Howard Bloom Dies,” White Bear Press, (Thursday, March 15, 1973).

²⁶ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/148975612/howard-wesley-bloom: accessed 10 November 2023), memorial page for Howard Wesley Bloom Sr. (18 Jan 1891–12 Mar 1973), Find a Grave Memorial ID 148975612, citing Union Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by KWH (contributor 48123018).

²⁷ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/148975616/vina-mary_rose-bloom: accessed 10 November 2023), memorial page for Vina Mary Rose Peltier Bloom (7 Nov 1890–3 Apr 1967), Find a Grave Memorial ID 148975616, citing Union Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by KWH (contributor 48123018).

Jean Nicolet (1598-1642) (November 2, 2023)

General Information: Jean Hamelin, with the collaboration of Jacques Gagnon, “NICOLLET DE BELLEBORNE, JEAN,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 23, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/nicollet_de_belleborne_jean_1E.html.

¹ Individual PRDH #57118 for Jean Nicolet, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

² Map of Cherbourg, France.; digital image, google.com (https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cherbourg-en-Cotentin,+France/@50.0368663,-3.7475688,6.92z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x480c97121faa62e1:0x7ec61fc418bcf800!8m2!3d49.6338979!4d-1.622224!16s%2Fg%2F11b8_x9h85?entry=ttu : accessed 20 September 2023).

³ 1634 Map of Jean Nicollet’s exploration route.; digital image, historymuseum.ca (https://www.historymuseum.ca/virtual-museum-of-new-france/the-explorers/jean-nicollet-1634/ : accessed 23 September 2023).

⁴ Individual PRDH #57118 for Jean Nicolet, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁵ Notre-Dame-de-Quebec, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Jean Nicolet, 29 October 1642.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G993-F9S3-1?i=216&wc=HCT2-829%3A17585101%2C19508101%2C19508102&cc=1321742 : accessed 23 September 2023), image 217 of 512.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

Florence Eugenia Vadnais (October 13 & 20, 2023)

¹ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bare [Bear], Ramsey County, Minnesota), #11230, Lawrence Thomas Vadnais, 14 January 1914.

² “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983, Delayed birth records, ca. 1942-1981 (Ramsey County, White Bear, Minnesota),” p. 418 [stamped], Florence Eugenia Vadnais, 20 March 1942.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95QB-96QS?cc=1920099&wc=3XSV-PTG%3A212884601%2C212918701 : accessed 27 August 2023), images 447-449 of 497; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

³ “Baptism Register,” p 200 [stamped], 17 June 1917, Florence Eugenia Vadnais, Church of St. Mary of White Bear Lake, Diocese of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

⁴ “Death, Record Index, 1870-1919, Ramsey County, Minnesota,” p. 100, line 24, Henry Woodrow Vadnais, 19 June 1919.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9N7H?cc=2185953&wc=36TN-DPV%3A1583719402%2C1583719401 : accessed 23 August 2021), image 52 of 57; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

⁵ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1920, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 152; p 16A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 370, family 378, line 44, Adlore J. Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6061/images/4312204-00572?pId=47876250 : accessed 27 August 2023), page 31 of 41, citing NARA microfilm publication T625_856, record group 29.

⁶ “Baptism Register,” p 8 [stamped], 5 April 1921, Mona Celestine Vadnes, Church of St. Mary of White Bear Lake, Diocese of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

⁷ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #26232, Leona Rose Vadnais, 4 April 1923.

⁸ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Book 191, p 120, John Russell Vadnais, 19 February 1925.

⁹ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #24500, Marguerite Mary Vadnais, 17 October 1926.

¹⁰ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #23679, Gordon Francis Vadnais, 20 November 1928.

¹¹ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #22584, Anna May [Mae] Vadnais, 27 March 1930.

¹² Unknown author, “2003 Alumni Award Recipient Florence Vadnais O’Neil Smith, ‘31,” St. Mary of the Lake Alumni Newsletter, 2003: p 9.

¹³ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1930, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0178; p 8A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 155, family 158, line 37, Vadnais, Adlore.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4610068_00280?pId=78585763 : accessed 5 September 2023), page 15 of 53, citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1114, FHL microfilm: 2340849.

¹⁴ Unknown author, “2003 Alumni Award Recipient Florence Vadnais O’Neil Smith, ‘31,” St. Mary of the Lake Alumni Newsletter, 2003: p 9.

¹⁵ Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980 (Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota), John J. O’Neil, 25 August 1903.; FHL film #1498870.

¹⁶ “Clark, Nevada, United States records, Aug 6, 2018,” line 11, Florence E. Vadnais and John J. O’Neil, filed November 17, 1947.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G17L-VBY?view=explore : accessed 5 September 2023), image 74 of 887; Nevada State Museum & Historical Society (Las Vegas, Nevada).

¹⁷ “Clark, Nevada, United States records, Aug 4, 2018,” John J. O’Neil and Florence E. Vadnais, November 13, 1947. ; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-81WG-99PH?view=explore : accessed 5 September 2023), image 630 of 1516; Nevada State Museum & Historical Society (Las Vegas, Nevada).

¹⁸ California Department of Public Health, Certificate of Stillbirth (Burbank, Los Angeles County, California), file #49001558, Michele Vadnais O’Neil, 22 June 1949.

¹⁹ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1950, California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Enumeration District (ED) 66-201; p 6, home #10661, line 13, O’Neil, John.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62308/images/43290879-California-083069-0007?pId=261430444 : accessed 5 September 2023), page 7 of 52, citing NARA microfilm publication, roll 2149.

²⁰ “California Birth Index, 1905-1995,” database, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VLJ6-G7S : accessed 5 September 2023), Mary Marguerite O’Neil, 16 October 1950; citing Los Angeles, California, United States, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.

²¹ “California Birth Index, 1905-1995,” database, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/5058740:5247?ssrc=pt&tid=111557969&pid=352098716535 : accessed 5 September 2023), Patricia Ellen O’Neil, 8 July 1952; citing Los Angeles, California, United States, Department of Health Services, Vital Statistics Department, Sacramento.

²² “Nebraska Birth Index, 1912-1994,” database, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/300928404:62094?ssrc=pt&tid=111557969&pid=352098716613 : accessed 5 September 2023), John Patrick O’Neil, 1 December, 1953; Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services; Lincoln, Nebraska;

²³ Nebraska, Department of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (City of Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska), certificate #11031, John J. O’Neil, 15 November 1954.

²⁴ Unknown author, “John J. O’Neil Funeral is Held,” Evening World Herald, 16 November 1954: p 30, col 1.

²⁵ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154326722/john-jule-o’neil: accessed 18 September 2023), memorial page for John Jule O’Neil (25 Aug 1903–1954), Find a Grave Memorial ID 154326722, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by Cynthia Vadnais (contributor 49980879).

²⁶ Unknown author, photo by Ginnie Weiss Long, White Bear Press, Vol 63, #9, 15 May 1958, p1.

²⁷ “Baptism Register,” p 200 [stamped], 5 July 1965, Florence Vadnais, marriage record to Harry M. Smith, Church of St. Mary of White Bear Lake, Diocese of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

²⁸ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154326903/marvin-harry-smith: accessed 16 September 2023), memorial page for Marvin Harry Smith (18 Sep 1909–14 Jun 1973), Find a Grave Memorial ID 154326903, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by KWH (contributor 48123018).

²⁹ Unknown author, “July 1996 Florence Vadnais O’Neil Smith Family Update”

³⁰ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #283274, Florence Eugenia Smith, 5 April 2009.

³¹ Unknown author, “Smith,” White Bear Press, 15 April 2009.

³² Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154326756/florence-eugenia-o’neil_smith: accessed 12 October 2023), memorial page for Florence Eugenia Vadnais O’Neil Smith (8 Jun 1917–5 Apr 2009), Find a Grave Memorial ID 154326756, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by Cynthia Vadnais (contributor 49980879).

Cordelia (Delia) Vadnais (October 6, 2023)

¹ “Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), mother Cordelia O’Null.

² U.S. Census, population schedule, 1870, Minnesota, Anoka County, Centerville, p 18 [handwritten], family 117, lines 5-8, Cordelia and her siblings are listed under Francis Bernier and his wife.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6Q63-ZD1?i=9&wc=KPTV-4WL%3A518658101%2C519140501%2C519021701&cc=1438024&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AMD4Y-7VP : accessed 13 August 2023), page 10 of 10, citing NARA microfilm publication T9, roll T132_1.

³ State Census, 1875, Minnesota, Anoka County, Centerville, p 121 [handwritten], lines 23-27, Francis [Francois] Vadnais.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_4-0101?pId=3888616 : accessed 13 August 2023).; Roll MNSC_4, State Library and Records Service, St.Paul.

⁴ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1880, Minnesota, Anoka County, Centerville, Enumeration District (ED) 044, p 47D [interpolated from stamped numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], dwelling 63, family 66, line 46, Francis [Francois] Vadenais [Vadnais].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6742/images/4242003-00102?pId=47954241 : accessed 7 August 2021), page 8 of 19, citing NARA microfilm publication T9, roll 615.

⁵ State Census, 1885, Minnesota, Anoka County, Centerville, p 6 [handwritten], lines 23-27, Cartilas Vadais [Cordelia Vadnais].; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-D181-CK?i=2&wc=M8S1-W4W%3A66191001%2C66267301&cc=1503044&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AMQF8-5Q2 : accessed 13 August 2023).; Roll MNSC_4, State Library and Records Service, St.Paul.

⁶ St. Paul, Minnesota, City Directory 1886 (St. Paul: R. L. Polk & Co., 1886), p 957.

⁷ “Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949,” #146, William O’Neil, Cordelia Vadnais, license dated 24 November 1886, certificate of marriage dated 25 November 1886.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9BXS-9XS?i=103&cc=1803974 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 104 of 799.

⁸ State Census, 1895, Minnesota, Ramsey County, St. Paul, p 62 [handwritten], lines 435-439, Willaim and Delia O”Neill [O’Neil] family.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-652S-QXQ?view=index&personArk=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AMQDN-TMX&action=view&groupId=M9CJ-7ZW : accessed 13 August 2023), image 49 of 261.; State Library and Records Service, St.Paul.

⁹ California State Board of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (Glendale, Los Angeles County, California), #4991, Mrs. Helen La Mia [Helene Lamia], 8 October 1927.

¹⁰ “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983,” Minnesota, Ramsey County, St. Paul, Births, 1890, vol. K, line 33, O’Neil, 31 October 1890.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QV-96YV?cc=1920099&wc=3XSV-82F%3A212887101%2C212885801 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 124 of 124.

¹¹ State Census, 1895, Minnesota, Ramsey County, St. Paul, p 62 [handwritten], lines 435-439, Wm and Delia O”Neill [O’Neil] family.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-652S-QXQ?view=index&personArk=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AMQDN-TMX&action=view&groupId=M9CJ-7ZW : accessed 13 August 2023), image 49 of 261.; State Library and Records Service, St.Paul.

¹² St. Paul, Minnesota, City Directory 1898 (St. Paul: R. L. Polk & Co., 1898), p 1030.

¹³ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1900, Minnesota, Ramsey County, St Paul, Ward 3, Enumeration District (ED) 0080; p 8B [interpolated from stamped numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], dwelling 114, family 151, line 89, Dellia [Cordelia] O’Neill [O’Neil].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120302_00356?pId=26950438 : accessed 7 Aug 2021), page 16 of 30, citing NARA microfilm publication T623, record group 29, FHL microfilm 1240783.

¹⁴ State Census, 1905, Minnesota, Ramsey County, St. Paul, p 62 [handwritten], lines 57-59, William O”Neill [O’Neil].; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:9Q97-YSBQ-ZKC?cc=1503056&wc=M8SG-HNR%3A67006201%2C67438101 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 161 of 247.; State Library and Records Service, St.Paul.

¹⁵ Unknown author, “Passed to Rest,” White Bear Press, Vol XXXIII, #16, (Thursday, July 5, 1928): p 1, col 4.

¹⁶ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1910, Missouri, St Louis County, St Louis, Ward 34 Enumeration District (ED) 0065; p 11B [handwritten and stamped], house number 1421, line 81, Cordelia V. White.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120302_00356?pId=26950438 : accessed 13 Aug 2023), page 22 of 52, citing NARA microfilm publication T624.

¹⁷ St. Louis, Missouri, City Directory 1909 (St. Louis: Gould Directory Co., 1909), p 2168.

¹⁸ St. Louis, Missouri, City Directory 1910 (St. Louis: Gould Directory Co., 1910), p 2161.

¹⁹ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/128473579/anna-walsh: accessed 13 August 2023), memorial page for Anna Walsh (1891–1921), Find a Grave Memorial ID 128473579, citing Calvary Cemetery, Saint Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by KWH (contributor 48123018).

²⁰ “California, U.S., County Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1849-1980,” Jaspare Lamie, Helen T. O’Neill, 8 October 1914.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/61460/images/47732_B354050-00346?pId=184653 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 347 of 3407.

²¹ California State Board of Health, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (Glendale, Los Angeles County, California), #4991, Mrs. Helen La Mia [Helene Lamia], 8 October 1927.

²² “California, U.S., County Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1849-1980,” Van Ciafa, Alvina O’Neill, 5 January 1915.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/61460/images/47732_B354050-00346?pId=184653 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 347 of 3407.

²³ “California, U.S., County Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1849-1980,” William Caezza, Alvina Caifa, 13 November 1925.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/61460/images/47732_B354059-00097?pId=901210341 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 98 of 720.

²⁴ “California, U.S., County Birth, Marriage, and Death Records, 1849-1980,” James G. Daily, Alvina M. Caezza, 23 January 1937.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/61460/images/47732_B354070-00087?pId=900720049 : accessed 13 August 2023), image 88 of 694.

²⁵ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/113565686/alvina-mary-daily: accessed 13 August 2023), memorial page for Alvina Mary Daily (unknown–25 Jul 1975), Find a Grave Memorial ID 113565686, citing Rose Hills Memorial Park, Whittier, Los Angeles County, California, USA; Maintained by Burt (contributor 46867609).

Norma Genevieve (Peltier), Ferdinand and Arnold Tessier (September 14, 2023)

¹ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #1, Norma Peltier, 14 January 1898.

² 1900 U.S. Census, Minnesota, Ramsey County, population schedule, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 0156, p 7B [handwritten & stamped], dwelling 119, family 119, lines 62-70, Albert Pelkie [Peltier] – Leo Pelkie [Leon Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120305_00555?pId=27038824 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), citing NARA microfilm publication T623, record group 29.

³ “Minnesota, County Birth Records Index, 1863-1983,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Eveline Peltier, 12 February 1901 and “Minnesota, County Death Records Index, 1850-2001,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Eveline Pertier [Peltier], 24 February 1901.

⁴ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), p. 412 [stamped], line 2, Baby Peltier, 12 Dec 1902.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95MB-CPB?i=70&wc=3XSV-C6F%3A212887301%2C212888701&cc=1920099 : accessed 23 Feb 2022), image 71 of 124.

⁵ 1905 Minnesota State Census, population schedule, Ramsey County, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p173 [interpolated from handwritten numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], lines 45-54, Albert Peltier family,; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:9Q97-YSYC-17R?i=20&wc=M8SG-X68%3A67006201%2C67662101&cc=1503056 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 21 of 42; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁶ U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, No. 41, Ferdinand J. Tessier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6482/images/005253072_05258?pId=28703214 : accessed 16 August 2023), image 13 of 75.

⁷ U.S. census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Enumeration District (ED) 162; p 2A [handwritten and stamped], dwelling 22, family 22, line 26, Albert L. Peltier [Albert N. Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01025?pId=146030668 : accessed 23 Feb 2022), image 3 of 29, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720, FHL microfilm: 1374733.

⁸ Unknown author, Tessier-Peltier wedding, White Bear Press, Vol XXXIII, #48, (Thursday, February 20, 1919): p 1, col 1 .

⁹ U.S. census, population schedule, 1920, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Enumeration District (ED) 151; p 11B [handwritten and stamped], dwelling 169, family 174, line 59, Ferdinand Tessier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6061/images/4312204-00539?pId=47874635 : accessed 16 August 2023), image 22 of 23, citing NARA microfilm publication T625_856, FHL microfilm: 1820856.

¹⁰ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83594416/arnold-paul-tessier: accessed 16 August 2023), memorial page for Arnold Paul Tessier (21 Aug 1921–24 Apr 1971), Find a Grave Memorial ID 83594416, citing Saint Johns Cemetery, Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by DMS (contributor 47118225).

¹¹ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1930, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Enumeration District (ED) 0177; p 19B [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 460, family 460, line 93, Ferdinand Tessier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4610068_00257?pId=78589481 : accessed 20 August 2023), page 38 of 45, citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1114, FHL microfilm: 2340849.

¹² U. S. Census, population schedule, 1940, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Enumeration District (ED) 62-10A, p. 16A [penned & stamped], house number 390, line 31, Ferdinand Tessier; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2442/images/m-t0627-01950-00897?pId=99112848 : accessed 20 August 2023), page 33 of 52, citing NARA microfilm publication T627.

¹³ U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards Fourth Registration) for the State of Minnesota, 1942, Serial No. 593, Arnold Paul Tessier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2238/images/44018_02_00026-01703?pId=16285197 : accessed 20 August 2023), images 1704 of 5301.

¹⁴ U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards Fourth Registration) for the State of Minnesota, 1942, Serial No. 1612, Ferdinand Joseph Tessier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1002/images/44474_04_00031-00681?pId=17794071 : accessed 20 August 2023), images 682 of 2083.

¹⁵ Applications for Headstones and Markers, 7/1/1970-9/30/1985, Arnold P. Tessier, Service #373066815, 24 April 1971.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2375/images/2375_03_01011-00656?pId=3668477 : accessed 20 August 2023), image 657 of 4379.; National Archives at St. Louis; St. Louis, Misssouri, USA;; NAID: 6016127; Record Group Number: 15; Record Group Title: Records of the Department of Veterans Affairs, 1773-2007

¹⁶ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #26677, Ferdinand Tessier, 28 August 1948.

¹⁷ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #13339, Norma G. Tessier, 27 April 1950.

¹⁸ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/99047893/ferdinand-joseph-tessier: accessed 17 August 2023), memorial page for Ferdinand Joseph Tessier (29 Dec 1891–28 Aug 1948), Find a Grave Memorial ID 99047893, citing Saint John’s Cemetery, Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by Dennis J. Willing (contributor 47494165).

¹⁹Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83594416/arnold-paul-tessier: accessed 30 August 2023), memorial page for Arnold Paul Tessier (21 Aug 1921–24 Apr 1971), Find a Grave Memorial ID 83594416, citing Saint John’s Cemetery, Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by DMS (contributor 47118225).

Mathilda (Tille) Vadnais, Adlore Dupre and family (September 7, 2023)

¹ Minnesota department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Centervill [Centerville], Anoka County, Minnesota), “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983,” line 24, Matilla Vadnez [Mathilda (Tille) Vadnais], 20 Apr 1870.; images, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95Q2-YXL?cc=1920099&wc=3XSV-JWT%3A212868401%2C212868402 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 4 of 762.

² Richard Heckel, Descendants of Pierre Remi Vadenay, p 74.

³ State Census, 1875, Minnesota, Anoka County, Centerville, p 121 [handwritten], lines 23-27, Francis [Francois] Vadnais.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_4-0101?pId=3888616 : accessed 5 August 2023).; Roll MNSC_4, State Library and Records Service, St.Paul.

⁴ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1880, Minnesota, Anoka County, Centerville, Enumeration District (ED) 044, p 47D [interpolated from stamped numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], dwelling 63, family 66, line 46, Francis [Francois] Vadenais [Vadnais].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6742/images/4242003-00102?pId=47954241 : accessed 5 August 2023), page 8 of 19, citing NARA microfilm publication T9, roll 615.

⁵ 1885 Minnesota State Census, Ramsey Co., population schedule, White Bear village, p 15 [handwritten], line 40, Matilda Vadnia [Mathilda Vadnais].; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_37-0305?pId=152348 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 36 of 64.; Microfilm MNSC_37, State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁶ Sainte-Victoire, Richelieu, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Joseph Dolar Dupre [Adlore Dupre], 11 June 1865.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L99Q-Q93L-R?i=373&wc=HCRX-BZ9%3A24715501%2C24715502%2C15084701&cc=1321742 : 5 August 2023), image 374 of 572.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁷ Census of Canada, 1871, Quebec, Richelieu, Sainte-Victoire, p 1 [handwritten], line 19, Adeland [Adlore] Dupre.; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1578/images/4395547_00205?pId=885148 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 1 of 79, Library and Archives Canada; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Census Returns For 1871; Roll: C-10063.

⁸ Census of Canada, 1881, Quebec, Richelieu, Sainte-Victoire, p 12 [handwritten], line 1, Adelard Dupre [Adlore].; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1577/images/31229_C_13202-00394?pId=1475740 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 7 of 32, Library and Archives Canada; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Census Returns For 1881; Roll: C-13202.

⁹ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0163; p 12B [handwritten & stamped], dwelling 262, family 265, line 87, Adlore Duprey [Dupre].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01076?pId=13366230 : accessed 5 August 2023), page 24 of 31, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720. FHL roll #1374733.

¹⁰ “Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949,” Anoka County, Adelard [Adlore] Dupre, Mathilda Vadnais, license dated 8 June 1887, certificate of marriage dated 14 June 1887, filed, 28 June 1887.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939Z-Y5S8-3L?i=1567&cc=1803974&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AX2TB-QQT : accessed 5 August 2023), images 1568 & 1569 of 1607.

¹¹ 1895 Minnesota State Census, Ramsey County, population schedule, White Bear Village, p 7 [handwritten], family #40, Adlore Duprey [Dupre].; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-XW19-Q2L?i=6&wc=M6GC-TNG%3A65687401%2C66122601&cc=1503031&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AMQ6K-W49 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 7 of 37.; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

¹² Minnesota department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Centreville [Centerville], Anoka County, Minnesota), “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983,” line 7, Theraise Dupre, 7 February 1889.; images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95Q2-RDL?i=112&wc=3XSV-JWT%3A212868401%2C212868402&cc=1920099 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 113 of 762.

¹³ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), page 24 [stamped], #105, Unknown Dupray, 30 May 1890, along with official corrections to Stella Dupre.

¹⁴ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), page 68 [stamped], #305, Unknown Dupre, 14 February 1894.

¹⁵ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1900, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Lake Village, Enumeration District (ED) 0155; p 3B [handwritten and stamped], dwelling 55, family 57, line 81, Adlon Duprey [Adlore Dupre].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120305_00521?pId=27037152 : accessed 5 August 2023), page 6 of 26, citing NARA microfilm publication T623_786. FHL roll #1240786.

¹⁶ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #18, Unknown, 21 July 1900.

¹⁷ 1905 Minnesota State Census, Ramsey County, population schedule, White Bear village, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p 230 [handwritten], line 35, Adlore Duprey [Dupre].; database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_144-0318?pId=55107 : accessed 5 August 2023), image 229 of 237; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

¹⁸ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Record of Birth (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #10, Lawrence George Dupre, 27 March 1910.

¹⁹ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0163; p 12B [handwritten & stamped], dwelling 262, family 265, line 87, Adlore Duprey [Dupre].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01076?pId=13366230 : accessed 5 August 2023), page 24 of 31, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720. FHL roll #1374733.

²⁰ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Lawrence George Dupre, 12 January 1911.

²¹ Unknown author, “Married Berrisford-Dupre,” White Bear Life, Vol 16, #44, (Saturday, February 4, 1911): p 1.

²² Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #21153, Mary T. Extrand, 8 Jul 1911.

²³ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Record of Birth (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #37, Louis Edward Berrisford, 9 September 1911.

²⁴ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #11, Louis Edward Berrisford, 10 September 1911.

²⁵ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #7, Joseph Duprey [Dupre], 4 May 1912.

²⁶ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1920, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 152; p 11A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 252, family 258, line 14, Adlor Dupre.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6061/images/4312204-00562?pId=47875722 : accessed 5 August 2023), page 21 of 41, citing NARA microfilm publication T625_856, record group 29.

²⁷ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (St Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #23571, Thomas E. Berrisford, 9 March 1926.

²⁸ Minnesota department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births [and Deaths] (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983,” line 81, Adlore Dupre, 16 June 1926.; images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5J7-97BV?i=233&wc=3XS2-MNB%3A212884601%2C213162101&cc=1920099 : accessed 10 August 2023), image 23 4 of 376.

²⁹ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1930, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0178; p 4A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 75, family 75, line 39, Matilda [Mathilda] Dupre.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4610068_00272?pId=78586216 : accessed 5 August 2023), page 7 of 53, citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1114, FHL microfilm: 2340849.

³⁰ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minnesota), #22534, Mrs. Mathilda Dupre, 28 December 1932.

³¹ Unknown author, “Mrs. Mathilda Dupre passed away Wednesday,” White Bear Press, Vol 37, #42, (Friday, December 30, 1932): p 1.

³²Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154538036/mathilda-dupre: accessed 04 August 2023), memorial page for Mathilda “Tille” Vadnais Dupre (30 Apr 1870–28 Dec 1932), Find a Grave Memorial ID 154538036, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by Cynthia Vadnais (contributor 49980879).

A Brush with the Law (August 25, 2023)

¹ Unknown author, “Miller Made a Break for Liberty,” Ambrose Newsman, Vol V, #33, (Friday, February 17, 1911): p 1, cols 1-2.

² Unknown author, “District Court Convenes Monday,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol V, #49, (Friday, June 9, 1911): p 4, cols 4-5.

³ Unknown author, “In District Court,” Crosby Eagle, Vol X, #22, (Friday, June 23, 1911): p 4, col 4.

⁴ Wastvedt and Walsh, “Governor Burke at Ambrose,” North Dakota State Museum, Martin O. Helseth Photograph Collection.

⁵ Unknown, Sixth Biennial Report of the State Board of Pardons (Fargo, North Dakota, Knight Printing Co., 1913), pp 5 & 15.

Alice Mabel Peltier and Benjamin LaBore (August 18, 2023)

¹ “Report of Births Registered in the Township of White Bear, County of Ramsey,” line 14, Alice Mabel Peltier, 25 September 1885.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G53B-X3P?i=2&wc=3XSV-82V%3A212887301%2C212884901&cc=1920099 : accessed 8 July 2023), image 3 of 3; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

² 1905 Minnesota State Census, population schedule, Ramsey County, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p173 [interpolated from handwritten numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], line 7, Alice Peltier.; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:9Q97-YSYC-17R?i=20&wc=M8SG-X68%3A67006201%2C67662101&cc=1503056 : accessed 8 July 2023), image 21 of 42; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

³ 1905 Minnesota State Census, population schedule, Ramsey County, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p 89 [interpolated from handwritten numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], line 14, Benjamin LaBore.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_144-0248?pId=3338528 : accessed 8 July 2023), image 159 of 237; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁴ “Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949,” p 374, Benjamin LaBore, Alice Peltier, license and certificate of marriage dated 27 November 1906, filed, 16 January 1936.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GB6N-3N9?i=417&wc=MRJY-4WT%3A1060647201&cc=1803974 : accessed 8 July 2023), images 418 of 801.

⁵ “Minnesota, County Birth Records, (Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Minnesota),” #552 [stamped], Marie Rose Millie LaBore, 30 November 1907.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5J7-9CHF?i=334&wc=3XS2-92S%3A212884601%2C212888701&cc=1920099 : accessed 8 July 2023), image 335 of 379; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

⁶ U.S. census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear Village, Enumeration District (ED) 163; p 15B [handwritten and stamped], family 330, lines 63-65, Benjamin Labone [LaBore] family.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01082?pId=13366342 : accessed 8 July 2023), image 30 of 31, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720, FHL microfilm: 1374733.

⁷ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (Ramsey County, Village of White Bear, Minnesota), Mary Adele LaBore, 26 October 1911, certificate #39.

⁸ “Minnesota, U.S., Death Index, 1908-2017,” Lorraine A. Schifsky, birth date shown as 8 November 1914, certificate #023964, Minnesota Department of Health; St Paul, Minnesota.

⁹ “Minnesota, U.S., Death Index, 1908-2017,” Melvene A. Leick, birth date shown as 2 October 1916, certificate #019230, Minnesota Department of Health; St Paul, Minnesota.

¹⁰ “Mn, U. S., Birth Index, 1900-1934,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (Washington County, Minnesota), Norma Eugenia LaBore, 10 October 1922, certificate #1922-38196.

¹¹ U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, Benjamin LaBore.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6482/images/005253407_02362?pId=31884487 : accessed 8 July 2023), image 43 of 347.

¹² Atlas of Washington County, Minnesota, (1956).; digital image, co.Washington.mn.us (https://www.co.washington.mn.us/DocumentCenter/View/1912/1956_platbook?bidId= : accessed 8 July 2023), image 17 of 27 (Lincoln).

¹³ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1920, Minnesota, Washington County, Lincoln Township, Enumeration District (ED) 0175; p 7A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 174, lines 36-42, Benjamin J. LaBore family.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6061/images/4312214-00776?pId=71773430 : accessed 8 July 2023), page 13 of 15, citing NARA microfilm publication T625_856, record group 29.

¹⁴ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1930, Minnesota, Washington County, Lincoln Township, Enumeration District (ED) 0016; p 11B [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 303, family 304, lines 98-100, Benj J La Bore [Benjamin J. LaBore].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4610088_00230?pId=78135589 : accessed 8 July 2023), page 22 of 26, citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1114, FHL microfilm: 2340849.

¹⁵ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (Dellwood, Washington County, Minnesota), #015957, Alice Marie La Bore, 23 August 1933.

¹⁶ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154075584/alice-m-labore: accessed 08 July 2023), memorial page for Alice M. LaBore (1885–1933), Find a Grave Memorial ID 154075584, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by KWH (contributor 48123018).

¹⁷ “Minnesota, U.S., Death Index, 1908-2017,” Benjamin Joseph La Bore, 12 December 1970, certificate #032311, Minnesota Department of Health; St Paul, Minnesota.¹⁸Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/154075576/benjamin-joseph-labore: accessed 08 July 2023), memorial page for Benjamin Joseph LaBore (1883–1970), Find a Grave Memorial ID 154075576, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by KWH (contributor 48123018).

William Francis Vadnais -Part 2 (August 11, 2023)

¹ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Return of Births (Village of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), line 1, Unknown Howser [Hauser], 10 March 1893.

² “Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949,” #568 [stamped], William Vadnais, Rachel Hauser, certificate of marriage dated 10 June 1911, filed, 14 June 1911.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-LB6F-GG5?cc=1803974&wc=MRJT-6TG%3A1060647401 : accessed 27 June 2023), image 388 of 815.

³ “Married Hauser-Vadnais,” White Bear Life, 16 June 1911.

⁴ “Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Margaret Mary Vadnais, 20 March 1912.

⁵ “Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Robert William Vadnais, 5 December 1913.

⁶ “Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Certificate number 1916-26669, Dorothy May Vadnais, 24 May 1916.

⁷U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, No. 41, William Frank Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6482/images/005253072_05326?pId=28703282 : accessed 27 June 2023), image 1 of 32.

⁸ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1920, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 152; p 15A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 343, family 351, lines 19-23, William Vadnies [Vadnais].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6061/images/4312204-00570?pId=47876121 : accessed 27 June 2023), image 29 of 41, citing NARA microfilm publication T625_856, record group 29.

⁹ “Wm. Vadnais Well Drilling” ad, White Bear Press, 1927.

¹⁰ “William Vadnais,” White Bear Press, February 24, 1927

¹¹U.S. Census, population schedule, 1940, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear Lake, Enumeration District (ED) 62-12; p 11B [stamped and handwritten], visitation #196, lines 52-57, William Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2442/images/m-t0627-01950-01029?pId=99117320 : accessed 27 June 2023), page 22 of 38, citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 1950.

¹² U.S. Census, population schedule, 1940, Minnesota, Ramsey County, St. Paul City Ward 8, Enumeration District (ED) 90-163; p 2B [stamped and handwritten], visitation #32, line 43, Dorothy Strantz.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2442/images/m-t0627-01999-00097?pId=98109911 : accessed 27 June 2023), page 4 of 24, citing NARA microfilm publication T627, roll 1950.

¹³ U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, State of Minnesota, 1942, Serial No. 722, Robert William Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2238/images/44018_01_00019-05324?pId=136214634 : accessed 27 June 2023), images 5325 & 5326 of 5351.

¹⁴ U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards (Fourth Registration) for the State of Minnesota, 1942, Serial No. 1553, William Frank Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1002/images/44474_01_00038-02057?pId=18169529 : accessed 27 June 2023), images 2058 & 2059 of 2080.

¹⁵ U.S., World War II Draft Cards Young Men, State of Minnesota, 1942, Serial No. 722, Robert William Vadnais, discharged 20 October 1945.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2238/images/44018_01_00019-05324?pId=136214634 : accessed 27 June 2023), images 5325 & 5326 of 5351.

¹⁶ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #11777, William Frank Vadnais, 11 September 1956.

¹⁷ “William Vadnais Services Held Here Sept. 11,” White Bear Press, September 20, 1956, Thursday.

¹⁸ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Rachel M. Vadnais, 3 November 1976.

¹⁹Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/50539361/william-frank-vadnais : accessed 27 June 2023), memorial page for William Frank [Francis] Vadnais (30 Dec 1885 [1884]–11 Sep 1956), Find a Grave Memorial ID 50539361, citing Saint Mary of the Lake Cemetery, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by C Melton (contributor 47057822).

Founding Mothers of Acadia (July 28, 2023)

¹ “History, Port-Royal National Historic Site;” digital image, parks.canada.ca (https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/portroyal/culture/histoire-history : accessed 11 Jun 2023) and “Champlain and the Settlement of Acadia 1604-1607;” digital image, umaine.edu (https://umaine.edu/canam/publications/st-croix/champlain-and-the-settlement-of-acadia-1604-1607/ : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

² Companions of Champlain (Baltimore, Maryland, Clearwood Company, 2016), Denise R. Larson, Chp. 2, “The Pioneers of New France,” p 11.

³ Map of The Settlement of Acadia, digital image, umaine.edu (https://umaine.edu/canam/wp-content/uploads/sites/149/2009/10/settlement-of-acadia-map.jpg : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

⁴ Champlains drawing of Saint Croix Island, digital image, umaine.edu (https://umaine.edu/canam/wp-content/uploads/sites/149/2009/10/Champlains-drawing-of-island-lg.jpg : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

⁵ “History, Port-Royal National Historic Site;” digital image, parks.canada.ca (https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/portroyal/culture/histoire-history : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

⁶ Champlains drawing of Port Royal, digital image, umaine.edu (https://umaine.edu/canam/wp-content/uploads/sites/149/2009/10/Champlains-drawing-of-port-royal.jpg : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

⁷ “History, Port-Royal National Historic Site.” Digital image, parks.canada.ca (https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/portroyal/culture/histoire-history : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

⁸ “History, Port-Royal National Historic Site.” Digital image, parks.canada.ca (https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/portroyal/culture/histoire-history : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

⁹ “Mothers of Acadia;” digital image Acadian-home.org (http://www.acadian-home.org/mothers.html : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

¹⁰ “Founding Mothers of Acadia;” digital image Acadian-home.org (http://www.acadian-home.org/Founding-Mothers-of-Acadia.html : accessed 11 Jun 2023).

William Francis Vadnais – Part 1 (July 21, 2023)

¹ Minnesota State Census, population schedule, 1885, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear village, p 16 [handwritten], family 109, line 4, Wm. Vadnia Jr. [William Vadnais].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_37-0305?pId=152360 : accessed 26 June 2023), image 36 of 64; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

² “Minnesota Births and Christenings, 1840-1980”, Delayed Birth Certificate #40 & 41 [stamped], 3 pages, William Francis Vadnais, 30 December 1885, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota.; Digital image FamilySearch.org, (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9XYQ?i=66&wc=3XSV-PTG%3A212884601%2C212918701&cc=1920099 : accessed 19 June 2023), images 66 and 67 of 497.

³ ““Baptism Register before 1908,” p 24 [stamped], 30 Dec 1885, Gulielman Vadnais, Church of St. Mary of White Bear Lake, Diocese of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

⁴ A. H. S. Perkins, All About White Bear Lake, The Popular Summer Resort of Minnesota (White Bear: Lake Breeze Printing House, 1890).

⁵ 1900 U.S. Census, Ramsey County, Minnesota, population schedule, White Bear Lake Village, Enumeration District (ED) 0155, p 258A [stamped], dwelling 60, family 62, line 5, William F. Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120305_00522?pId=27037178 : accessed 19 June 2023), citing NARA microfilm publication T623, record group 29.

⁶ The History of the Calling Card.; digital image, Dempseyandcarroll.com (https://www.dempseyandcarroll.com/pages/history-of-the-calling-card : accessed 19 June 2023).

⁷ Minnesota State Census, population schedule, 1905, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear village, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p 231-232 [interpolated from stamped numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], lines 37-40 & 1-3, Jennie Vadnais family, (William F. Vadnais, line 39).; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_144-0320?pId=3341181 : accessed 19 June 2023), images 230 & 231 of 237; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁸ Directory of Minnesota Photographers.; digital image, mnhs.org (https://mnhs.gitlab.io/archive/photographers/www.mnhs.org/people/photographers/G.html : accessed 19 June 2023).

⁹ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0163; p 12B [interpolated from stamped numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], dwelling 257, family 260, line 59, William Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01076?pId=146033118 : accessed 19 June 2023), page 24 of 31, citing NARA microfilm publication T624, record group 29, FHL microfilm 1374733.

Francois Vadnais and Genevieve Coulombe (June 23, 2023)

¹ Saint-Pierre-de-Saurel, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Francois Vadnet, 15 February 1767.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G99Q-Q78B?i=160&wc=HCL5-MNL%3A22381401%2C22381402%2C22945501&cc=1321742 : accessed 17 May 2023), image 161 of 583.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

² Family PRDH #35120 for Antoine Vadnais and Marie Francoise Antoine Laporte StGeorge, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

³ Registre de Malades L’Hotel Dieu, September 17, 1719 showing the recruits that had just arrived in Quebec aboard the “Vaisseau de Roy” and “Le Chameau.” Jean Vadenes, age 22 was admitted to the L’Hotel Dieu for 7 days.

⁴ Sainte-Genevieve-de-Bertier, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Marie Genevieve Coulombe, 16 April 1771.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G99Q-39CB-D?i=287&wc=HC7P-FM9%3A24139701%2C24139702%2C24139703&cc=1321742 : accessed 17 May 2023), image 288 of 617.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁵ Family PRDH #45301 for Pierre Ignace Coulombe and Marie Boucher Barbel, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁶ Sainte-Genevieve-de-Bertier, Quebec, Canada, marriage record for Francois Vadenais and Genevieve Coulombe, 12 January 1789.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L99Q-3T79?i=116&wc=HCS3-6TL%3A24139701%2C24139702%2C24562201&cc=1321742 : accessed 17 May 2023), image 117 of 732.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁷ Family PRDH #66553 for Francois Vadnais and Marie Genevieve Coulombe, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁸ Saint-Michel d’Yamaska, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Francois Vadenais, 31 August 1830.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L993-ZQY6?i=47&wc=HZ9K-RM9%3A21947601%2C21947602%2C22777501&cc=1321742 : accessed 17 May 2023), image 48 of 702.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁹ Marriage PRDH; 16 January 1832, for Joachim Caron and Genevieve Coulombe, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹⁰ Saint-Michel d’Yamaska, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Genevieve Coulombe, 9 June 1834.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G993-ZQFQ?i=252&wc=HZ9K-RM9%3A21947601%2C21947602%2C22777501&cc=1321742 : accessed 17 May 2023), image 253 of 702.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

¹¹ Partially based on the birthdates of his children and where they were born. Also, Alfred J. Dahlquist. “Vadnais History Supplement #1”, Aug. & Sep. 1977, p 7, sec A.; digital image, familysearh.org (https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/504112-vadnais-family-history-supplement-1?offset=1&viewer=1&medianame=FL4531411_722308_000011&q=vadnais#page=11&viewer=picture&o=search&n=0&q=vadnais : accessed 2 Oct 2021) and also Alfred J. Dahlquist. “Vadnais History Supplement #1”, Aug. & Sep. 1977, p 7, sec A.; digital image, familysearh.org (https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/504112-vadnais-family-history-supplement-1?offset=1&viewer=1&medianame=FL4531411_722308_000011&q=vadnais#page=11&viewer=picture&o=search&n=0&q=vadnais : accessed 2 Oct 2021).

¹² Supreme Court Naturalization Records, 1858-1906, #6 [handwritten], Francois Vadnais, 28 June 1858.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS7R-99BP-V?i=16&cat=2629902 : accessed 2 Jan 2023), image 17 of 1485, film #102010209.

Take Me Out To The Ball Game (June 16, 2023)

¹ Take Me Out To The Ball Game.; digital image, Wikipedia.org (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Out_to_the_Ball_Game : accessed 7 May 2023).

² Gavett, Joseph L., North Dakota: Counties, Towns & People. Pp. 92-94, 97-98, United States: Judd’s Workshop Publications, 2008.

³ Map of North Dakota.; digital image, Google.com (https://www.google.com/maps/place/North+Dakota/@48.8766631,-103.1145924,10z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x52d7831257d8e963:0xd849a39835ecfc9!8m2!3d47.5514926!4d-101.0020119!16zL20vMDVma3k : accessed 7 May 2023).

⁴ Unknown author, “The Ambrose Team Wins Two Games,” Ambrose Newsman, Vol II, #45, (Friday, May 15, 1908): p 3, cols 5-6.

⁵ Unknown author, “Ambrose Team Can Play Ball,” Ambrose Newsman, Vol III, #49, (Friday, June 11, 1909): p 1, cols 5-6.

⁶ Unknown author, “No title,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol IV, #4, (Friday, July 30, 1909): p 3, col 2.

⁷ Unknown author, “Ball Season Now Closed,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol III, #12, (Friday, July 29, 1910): p 1, col 2.

⁸ Unknown author, “Harvest Festival a Grand Success,” Ambrose Newsman, Vol V, #8, (Friday, August 26, 1910): p 1, cols 1-2.

⁹ Gavett, Joseph L., North Dakota: Counties, Towns & People. Pp. 92-94, 97-98, United States: Judd’s Workshop Publications, 2008.

¹⁰ Unknown author, “Ambrose Will Have A Good Ball Team,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol V, #49, (Friday, June 9, 1911): p 4, cols 4-5.

¹¹ Unknown author, “No title,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol V, #7, (Friday, June 28, 1912): p 7, col 3.

¹² Unknown author, “No title,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol v, #12, (Friday, August 2, 1912): p 8, col 3.

¹³ Unknown author, “No title,” Ambrose Newsman, Vol 8, #8, (Friday, July 18, 1913): p 8, col 3.

¹⁴ Unknown author, “No title,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol VI, #52, (Friday, July 29, 1910): p 4, col 4.

¹⁵ Unknown author, “Baseball Fever Spreading,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol VII, #1, (Friday, July 29, 1910): p 1, col 5.

¹⁶ Unknown author, “No title,” Ambrose Tribune, Vol VII, #5, (Friday, July 29, 1910): p 5, col 2.

¹⁷ Gavett, Joseph L., North Dakota: Counties, Towns & People. Pp. 92-94, 97-98, United States: Judd’s Workshop Publications, 2008.

White Bear Oil Company The Early Years (June 2, 2023)

¹ “Northern Pacific Railway Company Personnel Files, 1890-1963,” 1 June 1917, Adlen Vadnais, recommendation, file #33767.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2157/images/32722_1521003236_0345-03782?pId=13720 : accessed 9 May 2023), image 3436 of 3979.

² Unknown, “A family affair…,” The Mobil Distributor, Vol. I (1965), #1: p 14.

³ “Vadnais Family among First Settlers,” White Bear Press, (29 July 1971), pp 4-5.

⁴ Receipt for truck purchase from White Bear Motor Sales, A. J. Vadnais, October 22, 1923 (facsimile), privately held by C. Vadnais, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota, 2023. Inherited from father, John Russell Vadnais, in 2010.

⁵ Unknown, “A family affair…,” The Mobil Distributor, Vol. I (1965), #1: p 14.

⁶ “Vadnais Family among First Settlers,” White Bear Press, (29 July 1971), pp 4-5.

⁷ White Bear Oil Company Ad, White Bear Press, (1926).

⁸ “Northern Pacific Railway Company Personnel Files, 1890-1963,” 1 June 1917, Adlen Vadnais, recommendation, file #33767.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2157/images/32722_1521003236_0345-03782?pId=13720 : accessed 9 May 2023), image 3436 of 3979.

⁹ Yard Clerk Duties, Trainorders.com (https://www.trainorders.com/discussion/read.php?1,1666639 : accessed 9 May 2023).

¹⁰ “Northern Pacific Railway Company Personnel Files, 1890-1963,” 1 June 1917, Adlen Vadnais, recommendation, file #33767.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2157/images/32722_1521003236_0345-03782?pId=13720 : accessed 9 May 2023), image 3436 of 3979.

¹¹ “Notice of Dissolution,” White Bear Press, (1928).

¹² Formal contract between Louis Crawford and A. J. Vadnais, September 5, 1928 (original), privately held by C. Vadnais, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota, 2023. Inherited from father, John Russell Vadnais, in 2010.

¹³ Request for leave of absence from NPRR approved, September 15, 1928 (original), privately held by C. Vadnais, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota, 2023. Inherited from father, John Russell Vadnais, in 2010.

¹⁴ “Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Gordon Francis Vadnais, November 10, 1928, certificate #23679.

¹⁵ “Vadnais Family among First Settlers,” White Bear Press, (29 July 1971), pp 4-5.

¹⁶ “Vadnais Family among First Settlers,” White Bear Press, (29 July 1971), p 5.

¹⁷ U.S. Census, population schedule, 1930, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 0178; p 8A [stamped and handwritten], dwelling 155, family 158, lines 37-48, Adlore Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6224/images/4610068_00280?pId=78585804 : accessed 9 May 2023), page 15 of 53, citing NARA microfilm publication T626, roll 1114, FHL microfilm: 2340849.

¹⁸ Request for leave of absence from NPRR approved, July 17, 1930 (original), privately held by C. Vadnais, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota, 2023. Inherited from father, John Russell Vadnais, in 2010.

¹⁹ “Northern Pacific Railway Company Personnel Files, 1890-1963,” 18 October 1930, Adlen Vadnais, resignation, file #33767.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2157/images/32722_1521003236_0345-03779?pId=13720 : accessed 9 May 2023), image 3433 of 3979.

Albert Noah Peltier (1887-1954) (May 26 2023)

¹ “Minnesota, Births and Christenings Index, 1840-1980,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (Town of White Bear, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Albert Peltier, 22 April 1887.

² Minnesota State Census, population schedule, 1895, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear township, p 11 [handwritten], families 68 & 69, lines 21-30, Charles Peltier-Cleveland Peltier.; Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-XW19-H34?i=10&wc=M6GC-TNL%3A65687401%2C66121901&cc=1503031 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 11 of 25.; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

³ 1900 U.S. Census, Minnesota, Ramsey County, population schedule, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 0156, p 7B [handwritten & stamped], dwelling 119, family 119, lines 62-70, Albert Pelkie [Peltier] – Leo Pelkie [Leon Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120305_00555?pId=27038824 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), citing NARA microfilm publication T623, record group 29.

⁴ “Minnesota, County Birth Records Index, 1863-1983,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Birth (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Eveline Peltier, 12 February 1901 and “Minnesota, County Death Records Index, 1850-2001,” Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear Township, Ramsey County, Minnesota), Eveline Pertier [Peltier], 24 February 1901.

⁶ U.S. census, population schedule, 1910, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Enumeration District (ED) 162; p 2A [handwritten and stamped], dwelling 22, family 22, line 26, Albert L. Peltier [Albert N. Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7884/images/31111_4330244-01025?pId=146030668 : accessed 23 Feb 2022), image 3 of 29, citing NARA microfilm publication T624_720, FHL microfilm: 1374733.

⁷ U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918, No. 41, Albert Noah Peltier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6482/images/005253072_04775?pId=28702732 : accessed 8 May 2023), image 42 of 155.

⁸ U.S. census, population schedule, 1920, Minnesota, Ramsey County, White Bear Township, Enumeration District (ED) 151; p 10A [handwritten and stamped], dwelling 182, family 187, line 35, Bert N. Pelters [Albert N. Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6061/images/4312204-00536?pId=47874513 : accessed 8 May 2023), image 19 of 23, citing NARA microfilm publication T625_856, FHL microfilm: 1820856.

⁹ “Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949,” #Y-541, Albert N. Peltier, Clara Peltier, certificate of marriage dated 15 January 1936, filed, 16 January 1936.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9CG-3R3D?i=592&cc=1803974 : accessed 8 May 2023), images 593 & 594 of 1832.

¹⁰ U.S. census, population schedule, 1940, Minnesota, Washington County, Hugo Village, Enumeration District (ED) 82-13; p 2B [handwritten and stamped], household 31, line 58, Albert M. Peletier [Albert N. Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2442/images/m-t0627-01967-00250?pId=98724571 : accessed 8 May 2023), image 5 of 11, citing NARA microfilm publication, Minnesota; Roll: m-t0627-01967.

¹¹ U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards Fourth Registration for the State of Minnesota, 1942, Serial No. 1890, Albert Noah Peltier.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1002/images/44474_06_00021-01937?pId=18485069 : accessed 8 May 2023), images 1938 & 1939 of 2062.

¹² U.S. census, population schedule, 1950, Minnesota, Ramsey County, St. Paul, Enumeration District (ED) 90-374; p 8 [handwritten], dwelling 79, line 4, Albert N. Peletier [Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62308/images/43290879-Minnesota-131028-0009?pId=92938105 : accessed 8 May 2023), image 9 of 25, citing NARA microfilm publication Minnesota; Roll: 3497.

¹³ “U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007,” Albert N. Peltier, claim date 14 May 1952.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/6564493:60901?ssrc=pt&tid=111557969&pid=350089767078 : accessed 8 May 2023).

¹⁴ Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital Statistics, Certificate of Death (St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota), #27732, Albert N. Peltier, 23 November 1954.

Love, Love, Love, Love (May 5, 2023)

¹ Baptism PRDH for Marc Antoine Hus, 1 Jan 1701, Sorel, Monteregie region, Quebec, Canada, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

² Baptism PRDH for Marie Anne Binet, 7 Feb 1704, Nativite de Notre Dame de Beauport, Quebec, Canada, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

³ Burial PRDH for Francois Binet, 26 Aug 1703, Nativite de Notre Dame de Beauport, Quebec, Canada, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁴ Notre-Dame-de-Quebec, Quebec, Canada, marriage record for Antoine Paul Hu and Marie Binet, 5 Aug 1726.

⁵ Family PRDH for Marc Antoine Paul Hus Lemoine and Marie Anne Binet, #15522, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁶ Burial PRDH for Marie Anne Binet, 17 Feb 1734, Saint-Pierre-de-Sorel, Monteregie region, Quebec, Canada, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada). Also, family PRDH for Marc Antoine Paul Hus Lemoine and Marie Anne Binet, #15522, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁷ Family PRDH for Marc Antoine Paul Hus Lemoine and Marie Anne Bissonnet Lafaverie, #19432, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

⁸ Ibid.

⁹ Burial PRDH for Marie Anne Lafavrie, 30 Apr 1743, Saint-Pierre-de-Sorel, Monteregie region, Quebec, Canada, #176318, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹⁰ Marriage PRDH for Marc Antoine Hus and Marie Dubeau, 6 Aug 1744, Forges-du-Saint-Maurice, Quebec, Canada, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹¹ Family PRDH for Rene Leroux Cardinal and Marie Ursule Dubeau, #84291, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹² Burial PRDH for Marie Dubault, 29 Dec 1754, Saint-Pierre-de-Sorel, Monteregie region, Quebec, Canada, #322144, Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹³ Saint-Pierre-de-Sorel, Quebec, marriage record for Marc Antoine Hus and Marie Anne Styve, 8 Apr 1755. Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-8993-Z7GC?i=447&wc=HCKC-ZNL%3A21947601%2C21947602%2C22474001&cc=1321742 : accessed 26 Mar 2023), image 412-13 of 1148.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

¹⁴ Family PRDH for Antoine Desrosiers Dutremble and Marie Anne Styves Yves, #15070, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹⁵ Saint-Pierre-de-Sorel, Quebec, marriage record for Antoine Dutremble and Marie Anne Hus, 8 Apr 1755. Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L99S-2XQB?i=412&wc=HZS5-RM9%3A22381401%2C22381402%2C22381403&cc=1321742 : accessed 26 Mar 2023), image 413 of 1148.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

¹⁶ Saint-Pierre-de-Sorel, Quebec, marriage record for Marc Antoine Hus and Marie Anne Styve, 8 Apr 1755. Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-8993-Z7GC?i=447&wc=HCKC-ZNL%3A21947601%2C21947602%2C22474001&cc=1321742 : accessed 26 Mar 2023), image 412-13 of 1148.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

¹⁷ Family PRDH for Antoine Desrosiers Dutremble and Marie Anne Styves Yves, #15070, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

¹⁸ Burial PRDH for Marie Anne Styve, 30 Nov 1763, Institut Genealogique Drouin, Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada).

Play Days (Apr 28, 2023)

¹ “Play Days Are On!,” White Bear Press, 15 September 1939, p 1, cols 4-6.

² “Play Day Dates Are Set For Sept 15-16,” White Bear Press, 4 August 1939.

³ “Play Days Are On!,” White Bear Press, 15 September 1939, p 1, cols 4-6.

⁴ Digital image, Maps.co.ramsey.mn.us, (https://maps.co.ramsey.mn.us/MapRamsey/ : accessed 19 Feb 2023).

⁵ “Play Day Goes Over Nicely And Happily,” White Bear Press, 22 September 1939.

Ellen Lucy Peltier – The Early Years (Apr 21, 2023)

¹ “Minnesota Births and Christenings, 1840-1980”, Delayed Birth Certificate #75 [stamped], p1, Ellen Lucy Peltier, 30 November 1888, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota.; Digital image FamilySearch.org, (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9V4R?i=104&cc=1920099 : accessed 17 Feb 2023), microfilm #1314529 and “Minnesota Births and Christenings, 1840-1980”, Delayed Birth Certificate #75 [stamped], p2, Ellen Lucy Peltier, 30 November 1888, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota.; Digital image FamilySearch.org, (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9V81?i=105&cc=1920099 : accessed 17 Feb 2023), microfilm #1314529.

² Greta Kaul, “What killed Minnesotans in 1888, what’s killing them now, and why it changed,” Minnpost.com, (https://www.minnpost.com/health/2018/02/what-killed-minnesotans-1888-what-killed-them-2016-and-why-it-changed/ : accessed 18 Feb 2023).

³ “Minnesota Births and Christenings, 1840-1980”, Delayed Birth Certificate #75 [stamped], p1, Ellen Lucy Peltier, 30 November 1888, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota.; Digital image FamilySearch.org, (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9V4R?i=104&cc=1920099 : accessed 17 Feb 2023), microfilm #1314529 and “Minnesota Births and Christenings, 1840-1980”, Delayed Birth Certificate #75 [stamped], p2, Ellen Lucy Peltier, 30 November 1888, White Bear Lake, Ramsey County, Minnesota.; Digital image FamilySearch.org, (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9V81?i=105&cc=1920099 : accessed 17 Feb 2023), microfilm #1314529.

⁴ Minnesota State Census, population schedule, 1895, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear township, p 11 [handwritten], families 68 & 69, lines 21-30, Charles Peltier-Cleveland Peltier.; Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-XW19-H34?i=10&wc=M6GC-TNL%3A65687401%2C66121901&cc=1503031 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 11 of 25.; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁵ Ibid

⁶ United States Census Bureau, “QuickFacts,” Minnesota; White Bear Lake city, Stillwater city, White Bear township, Ramsey County.; Digital image, Census.gov (https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MN,whitebearlakecityminnesota,stillwatercityminnesota,whitebeartownshipramseycountyminnesota/PST120222 : accessed 18 Feb 2023).

⁷ “What Happened in History year 1888,” digital image, EventsHistory.com (http://www.eventshistory.com/date/1888/ : accessed 18 Feb 2023.

⁸ Bicentennial Committee, “Schools,” Vadnais Heights A History 1845-1976 (Minnesota, unknown publisher, 1976), p39.

⁹ Ibid

¹⁰ 1900 U.S. Census, Ramsey Co., Minnesota, population schedule, White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 0156, p 7B [handwritten & stamped], dwelling 119, family 119, lines 62-70, Albert Pelkie [Peltier] – Norman Pelkie [Norma Peltier].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120305_00555?pId=27038824 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), citing NARA microfilm publication T623, record group 29.

¹¹ “Precieux Souvenir Pour Le Coeur Fidele” scroll (original), Helene Peltier[Ellen], 1901 & 1905, privately held by Cynthia Vadnais, Stillwater, Washington, Minnesota, 2023. Inherited from father, John Russell Vadnais, in 2010.

¹² Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Vital statistics, Certificate of Death (White Bear tp [township], Ramsey County, Minnesota), #1904-35-521, Charles Peltier, 28 Jun 1904.

¹³ 1905 Minnesota State Census, population schedule, Ramsey Co., White Bear township, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p173 [interpolated from handwritten numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], lines 45-54, Albert Peltier family,; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:9Q97-YSYC-17R?i=20&wc=M8SG-X68%3A67006201%2C67662101&cc=1503056 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 21 of 42; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

¹⁴ “Birth Index, 1870-1919, Ramsey County, Minnesota,” p. 204 [stamped], line 2, Eveline Peltier, 12 Feb 1901.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5JM-7C1?i=104&wc=3XSK-FM7%3A212884601%2C212884602&cc=1920099 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 105 of 153; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota and “Death, Record Index, 1870-1919, Ramsey County, Minnesota,” line 15, Eveline Pertier [Peltier], 24 Feb 1901.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9N79?i=38&wc=36TN-DPV%3A1583719402%2C1583719401&cc=2185953 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 39 of 52; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

¹⁵ 1905 Minnesota State Census, population schedule, Ramsey Co., town of White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 163, p3B [handwritten & stamped], line 66, Charles W. Price,; digital image, FamilySearch.org https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9RVM-7X3?i=5&cc=1727033 : accessed 18 Feb 2023), image 19 of 42; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

Adlore Joseph Vadnais – The Early Years (Mar 31, 2023)

¹ “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983, Delayed birth records, ca. 1942-1981 (Ramsey County, White Bear, Minnesota),” p. 88 [stamped], Adlore Joseph Vadnais, 25 June 1942.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-G5QB-9V71?i=115&cc=1920099 : accessed 29 Jan 2023), image 116 of 497; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

² “Minnesota, County Birth Records, 1863-1983, Delayed birth records, ca. 1942-1981 (Ramsey County, White Bear, Minnesota),” p. 88 [stamped], Adlore Joseph Vadnais, 25 June 1942.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-95QB-9XKK?cc=1920099&wc=3XSV-PTG%3A212884601%2C212918701 : accessed 29 Jan 2023), image 117 of 497; multiple county courthouses, Minnesota.

³ “Baptism Register before 1908,” p 56 [stamped], 29 Sep 1889, Adelardum Vadnais, Church of St. Mary of White Bear Lake, Diocese of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota.

⁴ Minnesota State Census, population schedule, 1895, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear village, p 5 [handwritten], family 33, line 14, Eblore Cadnis [Adlore Vadnais].; digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-XW19-W6W?i=4&wc=M6GC-TNG%3A65687401%2C66122601&cc=1503031 : accessed 23 Apr 2021), image 5 of 37; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

⁵ “Vadnais Family Among First Settlers,” White Bear Press, 29 July 1971, Thursday, pp 11-13.

⁶ James Lonergan, Justice of the Peace, “The State of Minnesota v William Vadnais,” 23 January 1899, p 285, Ramsey County, White Bear Lake, Minnesota (facsimile).

⁷ 1900 U.S. Census, Ramsey Co., Minnesota, population schedule, White Bear Lake Village, Enumeration District (ED) 0155, p 258A [stamped], dwelling 60, family 62, line 8, Edlore J. Vadnais.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7602/images/4120305_00522?pId=27037178 : accessed 8 April 2021), citing NARA microfilm publication T623, record group 29.

⁸ “Vadnais Family Among First Settlers,” White Bear Press, 29 July 1971, Thursday, pp 11-13.

⁹ “Northern Pacific Railway Company Personnel Files, 1890-1963,” Adlore Joseph Vadnais, application, file #33767.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2157/images/32722_1521003236_0345-03808?pId=13720 : accessed 5 Feb 2023), image 3433 of 3462.

¹⁰ Minnesota State Census, population schedule, 1905, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear village, Enumeration District (ED) 51, p 231-232 [interpolated from stamped numbers on preceding and succeeding pages], lines 37-40 & 1-3, Jennie Vadnais family.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_144-0320?pId=3341181 : accessed 12 Aug 2021), images 230 & 231 of 237; State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

¹¹ “Northern Pacific Railway Company Personnel Files, 1890-1963,” Adlore Joseph Vadnais, application, file #33767.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2157/images/32722_1521003236_0345-03808?pId=13720 : accessed 5 Feb 2023), image 3450 of 3462.

¹² “Community pays final tribute to pioneer resident, A. J. Vadnais,” White Bear Press, 10, May 1973, Thursday, p 1, cols 1-3.

Jean Garceau and Marie Anne Gingras – Immigrant Ancestors (Mar 24, 2023)

¹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #82169 for Jean Baptiste Garceau and Madeleine Rivard Laglanderie.

² Sainte-Anne d’Yamachiche, Maskinonge, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Jean Garzot [Garceau], 19 Oct 1800.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G993-6SHF?i=428&wc=HCP9-GP8%3A25310801%2C25310802%2C25588601&cc=1321742 : accessed 14 Jan 2023), image 429 of 618.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

³ Map of Quebec area, digital image, google.com (https://www.google.com/maps/@46.4561341,-72.5753497,8z : accessed 14 Jan 2023).

⁴ Saint-Michel-d’Yamaska, Quebec, baptismal record for Marie Gingras, 5 Mar 1810. Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-8993-ZQVH?i=10&wc=HCKC-ZNL%3A21947601%2C21947602%2C22474001&cc=1321742 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 11 of 616. ; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁵ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #79902 for Joseph Gingras and Marguerite Beliveau.

⁶ Saint-Michel-d’Yamaska, Quebec, marriage record for Jean Garceau and Marie Gingras, 8 Nov 1825. Digital image, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-8993-Z7GC?i=447&wc=HCKC-ZNL%3A21947601%2C21947602%2C22474001&cc=1321742 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 448 of 616. ; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁷ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #155387 for Jean Garceau and Marie Gingras.

⁸ Little Canada Historical Society, Little Canada… A Voyageur’s Vision (Stillwater, Minnesota, Croixside Press Inc., 1989), “The Garceaus,” p 273.

⁹ George S. Belland, “Garceau family story.” 27 Sep 1954, 3131 LaBore Rd., St. Paul, Minnesota.

¹⁰ McGhiever, Sibley House, 16 Jul 2013. Digital image, Wikimedia.org (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=105380260 : accessed 12 Jan 2023).

¹¹ “Sibley Historic Site,” Wikipedia.org (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibley_Historic_Site : accessed 12 Jan 2023).

¹² U.S. census, population schedule, 1850, Minnesota Territory, Ramsey Co., Little Canada Precinct; p 34B [extrapolated from previous and subsequent pages], lines 17-25, Jean Garceau.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/8054/images/4195937-00072?pId=3326484 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 4 of 5, citing NARA microfilm publication M432_367, FHL microfilm: 14834.

¹³ U.S. census, population schedule, 1860, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear Township; p 287 [handwritten], dwelling 2524, family 2281, lines 17-25, John Gerson [Jean Garceau].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/7667/images/4233356_00347?pId=45541195 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 2 of 7, citing NARA microfilm publication M653_573, FHL microfilm: 803573.

¹⁴ Minnesota State Census, Census schedule, 1865, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., Town of White Bear, p 88 [handwritten], family 20, line 29, John Garcial [Jean Garceau].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1058/images/mnsc_2-1023?pId=1376600 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 30 of 192; Roll MNSC_2, State Library and Records Service, St. Paul.

¹⁵ U.S. census, non-population schedule, agriculture, 1870, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear; p 1 [handwritten], line 28, John Gersow [Jean Garceau].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1276/images/4264748_00236?ssrc=&backlabel=Return : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 1 of 1.

¹⁶ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #155387 for Jean Garceau and Marie Gingras.

¹⁷ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33095054/marie-ann-garceau : accessed 13 January 2023), memorial page for Marie Ann Gingras Garceau (5 Mar 1810–28 Feb 1880), Find a Grave Memorial ID 33095054, citing Saint John’s Cemetery, Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by Susan V. (contributor 48569557).

¹⁸ U.S. census, population schedule, 1880, Minnesota, Ramsey Co., White Bear, Enumeration District (ED) 024; p 465B [stamped], dwelling 51, line 22, Jean Garceaux [Garceau].; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/6742/images/4241842-00348?pId=32923528 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 6 of 23, citing NARA microfilm publication T9_631, FHL microfilm: 1254631.

¹⁹ C.M. Foote & Co, Wm Bracher, and F Bourquin. Map of Ramsey and Washington counties: with adjacent portions of Anoka, Dakota & Hennepin counties, Minnesota, and parts of St. Croix & Pierce counties, Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minn.: C.M. Foote & Co, 1887. Map. https://www.loc.gov/item/2012593067/ : accessed 12 Jan 2023).

²⁰ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/50125637/jean-garceau: accessed 14 January 2023), memorial page for Jean Garceau (18 Oct 1800–9 Apr 1883), Find a Grave Memorial ID 50125637, citing Saint John’s Cemetery, Little Canada, Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA; Maintained by Christina (contributor 46772328).

Francois Vadnais and Tharsile Hus Lemoine Update (10 Mar 2023)

¹ “Declarations of intention index, 1858-1905,” p. 349 [stamped], line 1, Francois Vadnais, 1858.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS7R-9PFF?cat=2629902 : accessed 2 Jan 2023), image 274 of 299, film #102010207.

² Supreme Court Naturalization Records, 1858-1906, #6 [handwritten], Francois Vadnais, 28 June 1858.; database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS7R-99BP-V?i=16&cat=2629902 : accessed 2 Jan 2023), image 17 of 1485, film #102010209.

³ Nicola Kelley Hyser, “Vadnais Heights history: More families follow Lake Vadnais founders,” White Bear Press, December 20, 2017.; digital image, presspubs.com (https://www.presspubs.com/vadnais/news/vadnais-heights-history-more-families-follow-lake-vadnais-founders/article_ace99748-e5ab-11e7-af52-1bfffab545e7.html : accessed 5 Aug 2021).

⁴ “Naturalization Records”; digital image, Archives.gov (https://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/naturalization: accessed 2 Jan 2023).

⁵ Lisa Louise Cooke, “Finding Naturalization Records: Where are the Women?,” 18 Feb 2014. Digital image, lisalouisecooke.com (https://lisalouisecooke.com/2014/02/18/finding-naturalization-records-women/ : accessed 2 Jan 2023).

Pierre Pichet dit Lamusette (3 Mar 2023)

¹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), individual PRDH #59138 for Pierre Pichet Lamusette.

² “1632 in France,” Wikipedia.org (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1632_in_France : accessed 19 Dec 2022).

³ Map of France, digital image, google.com (https://www.google.com/maps/place/37120+Faye-la-Vineuse,+France/@47.8835834,-1.2173977,6.88z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x47fd0d16cb079769:0x40dc8d705388db0!8m2!3d46.956857!4d0.341262 : accessed 19 Dec 2022).

⁴ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), individual PRDH #59138 for Pierre Pichet Lamusette.

⁵ Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, marriage record for Pierre Picher and Catherine Durand, 25 Nov 1665.

⁶ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), family PRDH #2010 for Pierre Pichet Lamusette and Catherine Durand.

⁷ Le St-Jean-Baptiste ship record, digital image, Migrations.fr (http://www.migrations.fr/NAVIRES_LAROCHELLE/stjeanbaptiste_1671.htm#haut0 : accessed 19 Dec 2022).

⁸ Ibid

⁹ Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, marriage record for Pierre Picher and Catherine Durand, 9 Dec 1673.

¹⁰ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), family PRDH #2010 for Pierre Pichet Lamusette and Catherine Durand.

¹¹ Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Pierre Pichet, 30 Oct 1713.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-899S-6QF8?i=22&wc=HCQJ-HZ9%3A22883501%2C22883502%2C22883503&cc=1321742 : accessed 19 Dec 2022), image 23 of 422.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

¹² Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Catherine Durand, 18 Jan 1732.

Leaping Back (24 Feb 2023)

¹ Vigdis Hocken and Konstantin Bikos, “What is a Leap year?”; digital image, Timeanddate.com (https://www.timeanddate.com/date/leapyear.html : accessed 31 Jan 2023).

² Saint Pierre-de-Sorel, Richelieu, Quebec, marriage record for Francois Vadenais [Vadnais] and Tarsile [Tharsile] Hus-Lemoine, 29 February 1848.; digital image, Institut Genealogique Drouin; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Drouin Collection; Author: Gabriel Drouin, comp.

First Settlers of Quebec (10 Feb 2023)

¹ The works of Samuel de Champlain in six volumes, Toronto, The Champlain Society, 1925, reprinted 1971 by University of Toronto press, volume II, p. 39.; Charles William Jeffries, Quebec Settlement in 1608.

² The works of Samuel de Champlain in six volumes, Toronto, The Champlain Society, 1925, reprinted 1971 by University of Toronto press, volume II, p. 39.; Samuel de Champlain, L’Habitation de Quebec, 1608.

Francoise Duverger and Simon Galbrun (3 Feb 2023)

¹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH for Simon Galebrun and Francoise Duverger, 18 Nov 1659

² Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), PRDH #1284 (couple), Family of Simon Galbrun and Marie Francoise Verger.

³ Exhibit from Register No. 1 of Arrests, Judgments and Deliberations of the Sovereign Council of New France (September 18 1663 to December 19, 1676), f. 146-146v.; digital image, database with images, Banq.qc.ca (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/archives/52327/3368252 : accessed 25 Nov 2022), National Library of Quebec.

⁴ Duverger Francoise et Boulin dit Leveille, Jean marriage record, 29 Jun 1671, Montreal.; digital image, migrations.fr (http://www.migrations.fr/FILLE_A_MARIER/fm_mariage_D.htm : accessed 25 Nov 2022).

⁵ Exhibit from Register No. 1 of Arrests, Judgments and Deliberations of the Sovereign Council of New France (September 18 1663 to December 19, 1676), f. 146-146v.; digital image, database with images, Banq.qc.ca (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/archives/52327/3368252 : accessed 25 Nov 2022), National Library of Quebec.

⁶ Ibid

⁷ Dickinson, John A. (1996). “New France: law, courts, and the Coutume de Paris, 1608–1760”. In DeLloyd Guth (ed.). Canada’s Legal Inheritances. Rosenort, Manitoba: The Canadian Legal History Project.

⁸ Wenzel, Eric (2012). La justice criminelle en Nouvelle-France (1670–1760): Le Grand Arrangement. Dijon, France: Editions Universitaires de Dijon.

Joseph Giguere and Victoire Laferriere (27 Jan 2023)

¹ Saint-Roch-des-Aulnaies, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Joseph Giguere, 29 Nov 1795.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-899W-DQLZ?i=275&wc=HCZL-929%3A22702701%2C22702702%2C22702703&cc=1321742 : accessed 14 Jan 2023), image 176 of 752.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

² Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), family PRDH #74793 for Joseph Giguere and Marie Josephe Gagnon.

³ Saint-Cuthbert, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Victoire Laferriere, 18 Mar 1806.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-899Q-S56F?i=583&wc=HCFN-HZ9%3A19637301%2C19637302%2C19637303&cc=1321742 : accessed 14 Jan 2023), image 584 of 712.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁴ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), family PRDH #79832 for Francois Laferreire and Marie Genevieve Jacques.

⁵ Map of Quebec area, digital image, google.com (https://www.google.com/maps/@46.4561341,-72.5753497,8z : accessed 14 Jan 2023).

⁶ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH #3955420 for Joseph Giguere and Marie Anne McKay.

⁷ Saint-Cuthbert, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Marie Anne McKay, 7 Jan 1831.; digital image, database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1091/images/d13p_1281092?pId=13110645 : accessed 14 Jan 2023), image 2 of 34.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁸ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH #3955420 for Joseph Giguere and Marie Anne McKay.

⁹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #173100 for Joseph Giguere and Marie Anne McKay.

¹⁰ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Individual PRDH #712828 for Marie Anne McKay.

¹¹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #173100 for Joseph Giguere and Marie Anne McKay.

¹² Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH for Joseph Giguere and Victoire Laferiere, 28 Feb 1832.

¹³ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), Family PRDH #178785 for Joseph Giguere and Victoire Laferriere.

¹⁴ Canada East Census, population schedule, 1861, Richelieu, Berthier, Parish of Saint-Cuthbert; p 302 [stamped], line 33, Joseph Giguere.; digital image, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1570/images/4108674_00024?pId=793540519 : accessed 12 Jan 2023), image 300 of 397, Library and Archives Canada; Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Census Returns For 1861; Roll: C-1268.

¹⁵ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH for Marie-Emmelie Giguere and Joseph Coutu, 10 Oct 1864.

Charles Peltier (Pelletier) and Marie Rose Perrault (6 Jan 2023)

¹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), PRDH #71879 (couple), Family of Pierre Sulpice Pelletier and Marie Marguerite Cochu.

² Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Charles Peltier, 9 Feb 1799.; digital image, database with images, FamilySearch.org (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G99S-631R?i=153&wc=HZ92-HZ9%3A22883501%2C22883502%2C23229101&cc=1321742 : accessed 1 Dec 2022), image 154 of 687.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

³ Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, baptism record for Rose Perrault, 10 Mar 1802.; digital image, database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1091/images/d13p_1160b0186?pId=1954442 : accessed 1 Dec 2022), image 32 of 107.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁴ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), PRDH #66209 (couple), Family of Benjamin Perrault and Marie Francoise Dalpe Pariseau.

⁵ Saint-Sulpice, Quebec, digital image, Wikipedia.org (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sulpice,_Quebec

: accessed 1 Dec 2022).

⁶ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH for Charles Peltier and Rose Perrault.

⁷ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), family PRDH #147884 for Charles Peltier and Rose Perrault.

⁸ Saint-Sulpice L’Assomption, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Rose Perrault, 29 Jan 1830.; digital image, database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-899S-63R6?i=544&wc=HZ92-HZ9%3A22883501%2C22883502%2C23229101&cc=1321742 : accessed 1 Dec 2022), image 545 of 687.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.

⁹ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), marriage PRDH for Charles Pelletier and Militilde Hetu.

¹⁰ Institut Genealogique Drouin,. Drouin Collection [Parish and Notorial Records]. Microfilm publication, 2,366 rolls, (Montreal, Canada), family PRDH #174694 for Charles Pelletier and Militilde Hetu.

¹¹ Saint-Ambroise-de-Kildare, Joliette, Quebec, Canada, burial record for Charles Peltier, 27 Jul 1882.; digital image, database with images, Ancestry.com (https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/1091/images/d13p_01530420?pId=10613908 : accessed 1 Dec 2022), image 12 of 22.; Archives Nationales du Quebec (National Archives of Quebec), Montreal.